What is sandalwood? Identification and Types

Introduction

Sandalwood is not just a fragrant wood (www.sandalpure.in)—it has been an integral part of India’s culture, health, and spiritual tradition for centuries. Its subtle aroma soothes the heart, refreshes the mind, and nourishes the skin. Even today, sandalwood holds immense scientific value and is widely used in the medicine, cosmetics, and fragrance industries.

 What is sandalwood?

Sandalwood is a sweet-scented tree known scientifically as *Santalum album*. It is used in skin treatments, incense, attars, Ayurvedic medicines, and religious rituals.

Its heartwood contains a key compound called ‘santalol’ (α-santalol and β-santalol), responsible for its long-lasting fragrance and therapeutic properties.
Scientific Classification:

Scientific Name: Santalum album
Family: Santalaceae
Type: Semi-parasitic tree
Native Region: Southern India
Lifespan: 40–60 years

Sandalwood trees are semi-parasitic and depend on host plants such as cassuarina, neem, or subabul for nutrients.
Types of Sandalwood:

• Santalum album—Indian sandalwood, known for pure fragrance and therapeutic benefits
• Santalum spicatum—Found in Australia, less aromatic
• Santalum ellipticum—Native to Hawaii, used locally
• Amyris balsamifera—Often falsely sold as sandalwood from Jamaica (not true sandalwood)
 Common Uses of Sandalwood:


– Ayurvedic and herbal treatments
– Beauty and cosmetic products
– Religious rituals and temple offerings
– Perfume and incense industry
– Medical research (anti-inflammatory and antiseptic)
Did You Know?
– Sandalwood sinks in water due to its density
– Heartwood develops best in trees over 25 years old
– One mature tree can yield 1–1.5 kg of pure essential oil
Conclusion:

Sandalwood is nature’s precious gift—calming the body, mind, and soul. Its scientific and spiritual relevance continues to grow in global markets.